Cross trade shipping: container ship crossing the open ocean between two countries at dusk

Cross trade shipping and third-country freightNot through Dubai. Managed from Dubai.

Airlift Logistics manages cross trade shipping from Dubai, UAE: cargo moves directly between two other countries, such as the USA to Africa or China to Europe, without entering the UAE. We coordinate freight forwarding, agents, bills of lading and documents for traders, including switch bills of lading where the carrier agrees.

The basics

What is cross trade?

Cross trade means a business in one country arranges the sale and shipment of goods between two other countries. The goods go directly from seller to buyer, and do not enter the trader's own country.

  1. 01

    Origin, destination, commodity, Incoterms and required date.

  2. 02

    Export, import and sanctions checks for each country.

  3. 03

    Our network arranges pickup and freight in the origin country.

  4. 04

    Bills of lading, and switch B/L where the carrier agrees.

  5. 05

    Track the move

    One point of contact in Dubai while cargo is moving.

  6. 06

    Deliver to the buyer

    Destination agent handles arrival, and clearance if agreed.

Example lanes

Who uses cross trade, and where

These are examples, not a fixed list. We confirm carrier options and agents for each shipment.

Cross trade from the USA: container terminal and rail yard at dawn
LaneTypical traderUsual modes
Trader or parts supplier selling American goodsSea, or air for urgent parts
Dubai trader serving African buyersSea, FCL or LCL
Sourcing company between factory and retailerSea, or air for samples
Merchant exporterSea and air
Regional distributorRoad and sea
Machinery and project supplierSea, including project cargo

Have a deal between two countries?

Tell us the origin, destination and commodity, and we will confirm the options.

Documents

The paperwork behind a cross trade

A cross trade often has two sales: supplier to trader, and trader to buyer. Each document has to match the correct sale and be truthful.

Cross trade documents: shipping papers, pen and a model container ship on a desk
DocumentWhat it doesWatch for
Supplier bills the trader, and the trader bills the buyerEach set goes only to the right party
Evidence of carriage, and the title document for sea cargoAgree the shipper and consignee early
A second B/L set that replaces the firstNeeds carrier or forwarder agreement
States where the goods were madeMust show the true origin
Declaration in the origin country, such as AES for US exportsSet out who files it under the Incoterm
Bank payment conditions, where usedCheck that documents match the credit

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FAQ

Cross trade questions, answered

Last updated ·

See all shipping questionsAsk about your lane

Cross trade moves cargo between two countries, arranged from a third. The goods never enter the country of the company managing the deal. For example, a Dubai trader can buy goods in the USA and sell them to a buyer in Africa, while Airlift Logistics coordinates the freight and documents.

  • It is also called a third-country or triangular shipment.
  • The trader usually keeps supplier and buyer details separate.

No, cross trade cargo normally does not pass through the UAE. It travels directly from origin to destination, or through a carrier's usual transhipment hub. No UAE customs declaration is normally needed, because the goods do not enter the country. Customs rules at origin and destination still apply to the parties involved.

  • Some traders do route goods through a UAE free zone, which is a different process.
  • Ask us which structure suits your deal.

Yes, we can arrange cross trade from the USA to other countries. Airlift Logistics coordinates through its agent network, so freight is booked and handled locally. US export rules still apply, including export filings and sanctions checks. Send the commodity, origin, destination and Incoterm, and we will confirm the route.

  • US exports may need Electronic Export Information through AES.
  • Some goods need a US export licence.

A switch bill of lading replaces the original set issued at loading. Traders often use it to show a different shipper or notify party on the set sent to the buyer, which protects supplier details. It must stay truthful about the cargo and needs agreement from the carrier or forwarder issuing it.

  • The first set is surrendered before the second is issued.
  • Check any letter of credit terms before you switch.

Which two countries next?

Get a quote
Cross trade

Cross trade, third-country and triangular shipments

A business in one country arranges the sale and shipment of goods between two other countries. The goods go directly to the buyer.

Parties
Supplier, trader and buyer, usually in three countries
Cargo route
Origin to destination, or through a carrier's transhipment hub
UAE customs
Normally no declaration, because the goods do not enter
Who still applies
Export rules at origin, import rules at destination

Also called: Cross trade logistics, triangular trade, merchant trade

Cross trade document

Switch bill of lading

A second set of bills of lading issued to replace the first. It can show different parties on the set sent to the buyer.

Why traders use it
To keep supplier details from the end buyer
First set
All originals are surrendered, so two active sets never exist
Who agrees
The carrier or forwarder issuing the new set
Must stay true
Cargo description and origin cannot be misstated
Check first
Any letter of credit terms

Also called: Switch B/L, second set of bills of lading

US exports

US export filing: EEI through AES

Goods leaving the USA generally need Electronic Export Information (EEI), filed through the Automated Export System (AES).

Generally required
Over $2,500 per Schedule B or HTS line
Also required
Where an export licence applies, whatever the value
Who files
The US exporter or its authorised agent
Check first
Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and US sanctions lists

Also called: AES filing, Shipper's Export Declaration, EEI

Source: US Census Bureau: Foreign Trade Regulations

Compliance

Export, import and sanctions checks

Every cross trade must meet the rules of each country involved. Goods and parties are checked before booking.

Export rules
Licences and filings in the origin country
Import rules
Permits and duty in the destination country
Sanctions
Goods, parties and destinations
Dual-use goods
Items with civil and military uses may need a licence

Also called: Trade compliance

Global freight network

International shipping from Dubai to 140+ countries

Airlift Logistics ships to and from over 140 countries through a global network of freight agents, managed from Dubai.

Coverage
140+ countries
Modes
Air freight, sea freight, land freight
Regular air lanes
India, UK, China, USA, Germany, Kenya, GCC, Netherlands, France, Italy
Dubai base
Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZA)
Trade lane

Shipping from China to the UAE

China is the largest source of UAE imports by value. Most cargo moves by sea to Jebel Ali Port, with air cargo for urgent goods.

UAE imports, 2024
$84.0 billion
Common cargo
Electronics, machinery, consumer goods
Sea gateways
Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou
UAE gateway
Jebel Ali Port (AEJEA)
Documents
Commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, certificate of origin where required

Also called: China to Dubai freight, cargo from China to UAE

Source: Trading Economics: UAE imports

Trade lane

Shipping between India and the UAE

India is a top partner in both directions: the second-largest source of UAE imports and the largest export market by value.

UAE imports, 2024
$33.1 billion
UAE exports, 2024
$33.6 billion
Trade agreement
UAE-India CEPA, in force since 1 May 2022
Indian gateways
Mundra, Nhava Sheva, Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi
Indian customs portal
ICEGATE
Documents
Commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, certificate of origin for CEPA claims

Also called: UAE to India cargo, India to Dubai shipping

Source: Trading Economics: UAE imports, Trading Economics: UAE exports, UAE Ministry of Foreign Trade

Trade lane

Shipping between Turkey and the UAE

Turkey ranks in the UAE's top four for both imports and exports by value, and the two countries have a trade agreement in force.

UAE imports, 2024
$19.4 billion
UAE exports, 2024
$19.7 billion
Trade agreement
UAE-Türkiye CEPA, in force since 1 September 2023
Common cargo
Textiles, building goods, machinery
Turkish gateways
Mersin, Istanbul
Documents
Commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, certificate of origin for CEPA claims

Also called: Turkey to Dubai shipping, Türkiye freight

Source: Trading Economics: UAE imports, Trading Economics: UAE exports, UAE Ministry of Foreign Trade

Sea freight service

Project cargo and cross trade

Project cargo covers oversized or heavy items. Cross trade moves goods between two countries without entering the UAE.

Equipment
Flat rack, open top, breakbulk
Oversized term
Out-of-gauge (OOG)
Cross trade
Foreign origin to foreign destination, arranged from Dubai

Also called: Heavy lift, third-country shipping

Cross trade document

Back-to-back invoices

A cross trade usually has two sales, so there are two invoices: supplier to trader, and trader to buyer.

First invoice
Supplier bills the trader
Second invoice
Trader bills the buyer, at the trader's selling price
Who sees what
Each party receives only its own invoice
Must match
Goods, quantities and shipment details on the transport documents

Also called: Third-party invoicing, merchanting invoices

Sea freight documents

Bill of lading types

The bill of lading (B/L) is the main sea freight document: a cargo receipt, evidence of carriage, and often a document of title.

Master B/L
Issued by the shipping line
House B/L
Issued by the forwarder
Telex release
Cargo released without original paper bills
Sea waybill
Not a document of title

Also called: B/L, BL, ocean bill of lading

Cross trade document

Certificate of origin in a cross trade

States where the goods were made. Origin comes from manufacture, not from where the trader is based.

Usually issued by
A chamber of commerce in the country of origin
Used for
Customs duty, trade agreements and import checks
Must show
The true country of origin

Also called: COO, CO

Cross trade document

Letter of credit in a cross trade

A bank promise to pay when the stated documents are presented, so documents must match its terms exactly.

Common rules
UCP 600, from the International Chamber of Commerce
Common problem
Differences between the credit and the documents
With a switch B/L
Confirm the new set still meets the credit
Who to ask
Your bank, before cargo ships

Also called: L/C, documentary credit

Sources

Sources for this page

We check rules and codes on this page against these official and public sources. How we check our content.

US Census Bureau: Foreign Trade Regulations
census.gov
ICC Incoterms rules
iccwbo.org
DP World
dpworld.com